SpringBoot开发中的十大常见问题与解决方案

引言

你好呀，我是小邹。

SpringBoot作为当今Java领域最流行的开发框架，极大地简化了Spring应用的初始搭建和开发过程。然而在实际开发中，开发者仍然会遇到各种问题。本文将通过具体代码示例，详细分析SpringBoot开发中的常见问题及其解决方案。

1. 配置文件与多环境配置问题

问题描述

配置文件加载顺序混乱，多环境切换不生效

解决方案

# application.yml - 主配置文件
spring:
  profiles:
    active: @activatedProperties@  # Maven属性占位符

# application-dev.yml - 开发环境
server:
  port: 8080
  servlet:
    context-path: /api
datasource:
  url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/dev_db
  username: dev_user
  password: dev_pass

# application-prod.yml - 生产环境
server:
  port: 8081
datasource:
  url: jdbc:mysql://prod-server:3306/prod_db
  username: ${DB_USERNAME:prod_user}  # 环境变量优先
  password: ${DB_PASSWORD}

// 自定义配置类示例
@Configuration
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "custom")
@Data
public class CustomConfig {
    private String endpoint;
    private Integer timeout = 5000;  // 默认值
    private List<String> servers = new ArrayList<>();
}

// 使用@Value注入
@Component
public class AppConfig {
    @Value("${server.port:8080}")  // 默认值8080
    private Integer port;

    @Value("${app.feature.enabled:false}")
    private Boolean featureEnabled;
}

2. 自动装配与依赖注入问题

问题描述

Bean创建失败、循环依赖、多实现类注入冲突

解决方案

// 1. 解决循环依赖 - 使用@Lazy
@Component
public class ServiceA {
    private final ServiceB serviceB;

    @Autowired
    public ServiceA(@Lazy ServiceB serviceB) {
        this.serviceB = serviceB;
    }
}

// 2. 多实现类注入 - 使用@Primary或@Qualifier
public interface MessageService {
    void send(String message);
}

@Component
@Primary  // 默认使用此实现
public class EmailService implements MessageService {
    @Override
    public void send(String message) {
        System.out.println("Email: " + message);
    }
}

@Component
@Qualifier("sms")
public class SmsService implements MessageService {
    @Override
    public void send(String message) {
        System.out.println("SMS: " + message);
    }
}

@Component
public class NotificationService {
    @Autowired
    private MessageService emailService;  // 自动注入EmailService

    @Autowired
    @Qualifier("sms")
    private MessageService smsService;
}

// 3. 条件化Bean创建
@Configuration
public class FeatureConfig {
    @Bean
    @ConditionalOnProperty(name = "feature.enabled", havingValue = "true")
    public FeatureService featureService() {
        return new FeatureService();
    }

    @Bean
    @ConditionalOnClass(name = "com.example.ExternalClass")
    public ExternalIntegration externalIntegration() {
        return new ExternalIntegration();
    }
}

3. 事务管理失效问题

问题描述

@Transactional注解不生效，事务回滚失败

解决方案

@Service
@Slf4j
public class OrderService {

    // 1. 事务方法必须public，且自调用失效
    @Transactional(rollbackFor = Exception.class)
    public void createOrder(OrderDTO orderDTO) {
        try {
            orderRepository.save(convertToEntity(orderDTO));
            // 业务逻辑...
        } catch (Exception e) {
            log.error("创建订单失败", e);
            throw new BusinessException("订单创建失败");  // 抛出异常才会回滚
        }
    }

    // 2. 不同传播行为示例
    @Transactional(propagation = Propagation.REQUIRED)
    public void methodA() {
        // 默认：存在事务则加入，否则新建
    }

    @Transactional(propagation = Propagation.REQUIRES_NEW)
    public void methodB() {
        // 总是新建事务，挂起当前事务
    }

    @Transactional(propagation = Propagation.NESTED)
    public void methodC() {
        // 嵌套事务，部分数据库支持
    }
}

// 3. 配置类确保事务管理器正确配置
@Configuration
@EnableTransactionManagement
public class TransactionConfig {

    @Bean
    public PlatformTransactionManager transactionManager(DataSource dataSource) {
        return new DataSourceTransactionManager(dataSource);
    }

    @Bean
    public TransactionTemplate transactionTemplate(PlatformTransactionManager manager) {
        return new TransactionTemplate(manager);
    }
}

4. 数据库连接池配置问题

问题描述

连接泄露、连接数不足、性能问题

解决方案

# application.yml
spring:
  datasource:
    url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/db
    username: root
    password: 123456
    driver-class-name: com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
    hikari:
      pool-name: HikariPool
      minimum-idle: 5
      maximum-pool-size: 20
      idle-timeout: 30000
      connection-timeout: 30000
      max-lifetime: 1800000
      connection-test-query: SELECT 1
      leak-detection-threshold: 60000  # 连接泄露检测(毫秒)

  jpa:
    hibernate:
      ddl-auto: update
    properties:
      hibernate:
        format_sql: true
        show_sql: true
        dialect: org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL8Dialect

// 连接池监控端点
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/monitor")
public class ConnectionPoolMonitor {

    @Autowired
    private DataSource dataSource;

    @GetMapping("/pool/status")
    public Map<String, Object> getPoolStatus() {
        Map<String, Object> status = new HashMap<>();
        if (dataSource instanceof HikariDataSource) {
            HikariDataSource hikari = (HikariDataSource) dataSource;
            status.put("activeConnections", hikari.getHikariPoolMXBean().getActiveConnections());
            status.put("idleConnections", hikari.getHikariPoolMXBean().getIdleConnections());
            status.put("totalConnections", hikari.getHikariPoolMXBean().getTotalConnections());
            status.put("threadsAwaiting", hikari.getHikariPoolMXBean().getThreadsAwaitingConnection());
        }
        return status;
    }
}

// 连接泄露检测
@Component
@Slf4j
public class ConnectionLeakDetector {

    @Scheduled(fixedRate = 60000)  // 每分钟检查一次
    public void checkConnectionLeak() {
        // 实现连接泄露检测逻辑
        log.info("Connection leak detection running...");
    }
}

5. 缓存使用问题

问题描述

缓存穿透、缓存雪崩、缓存击穿、缓存一致性

解决方案

@Service
@Slf4j
public class ProductService {

    @Autowired
    private ProductRepository productRepository;

    @Autowired
    private RedisTemplate<String, Object> redisTemplate;

    // 1. 解决缓存穿透 - 缓存空值
    @Cacheable(value = "products", key = "#id", 
               unless = "#result == null",
               cacheManager = "redisCacheManager")
    public Product getProductById(Long id) {
        // 先查缓存，缓存中查不到再查数据库
        Product product = productRepository.findById(id).orElse(null);

        // 如果数据库不存在，缓存空值(设置较短过期时间)
        if (product == null) {
            redisTemplate.opsForValue()
                .set("product:null:" + id, "", 5, TimeUnit.MINUTES);
        }
        return product;
    }

    // 2. 解决缓存击穿 - 互斥锁
    public Product getProductWithLock(Long id) {
        String cacheKey = "product:" + id;
        Product product = (Product) redisTemplate.opsForValue().get(cacheKey);

        if (product == null) {
            String lockKey = "lock:product:" + id;
            Boolean lockAcquired = redisTemplate.opsForValue()
                .setIfAbsent(lockKey, "1", 10, TimeUnit.SECONDS);

            if (lockAcquired != null && lockAcquired) {
                try {
                    // 双重检查
                    product = (Product) redisTemplate.opsForValue().get(cacheKey);
                    if (product == null) {
                        product = productRepository.findById(id).orElse(null);
                        if (product != null) {
                            redisTemplate.opsForValue()
                                .set(cacheKey, product, 30, TimeUnit.MINUTES);
                        }
                    }
                } finally {
                    redisTemplate.delete(lockKey);
                }
            } else {
                // 等待重试
                try {
                    Thread.sleep(100);
                    return getProductWithLock(id);
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    Thread.currentThread().interrupt();
                }
            }
        }
        return product;
    }

    // 3. 缓存一致性 - 使用@CacheEvict
    @CacheEvict(value = "products", key = "#id")
    @Transactional
    public void updateProduct(Long id, Product product) {
        productRepository.update(product);

        // 异步更新缓存
        CompletableFuture.runAsync(() -> {
            redisTemplate.opsForValue()
                .set("product:" + id, product, 30, TimeUnit.MINUTES);
        });
    }
}

// 缓存配置类
@Configuration
@EnableCaching
public class CacheConfig {

    @Bean
    public CacheManager cacheManager(RedisConnectionFactory factory) {
        RedisCacheConfiguration config = RedisCacheConfiguration.defaultCacheConfig()
            .entryTtl(Duration.ofMinutes(30))
            .serializeKeysWith(RedisSerializationContext.SerializationPair
                .fromSerializer(new StringRedisSerializer()))
            .serializeValuesWith(RedisSerializationContext.SerializationPair
                .fromSerializer(new GenericJackson2JsonRedisSerializer()))
            .disableCachingNullValues();

        return RedisCacheManager.builder(factory)
            .cacheDefaults(config)
            .withInitialCacheConfigurations(getCacheConfigurations())
            .transactionAware()
            .build();
    }

    private Map<String, RedisCacheConfiguration> getCacheConfigurations() {
        Map<String, RedisCacheConfiguration> configMap = new HashMap<>();
        configMap.put("products", 
            RedisCacheConfiguration.defaultCacheConfig()
                .entryTtl(Duration.ofMinutes(10)));
        configMap.put("users",
            RedisCacheConfiguration.defaultCacheConfig()
                .entryTtl(Duration.ofHours(1)));
        return configMap;
    }
}

6. 全局异常处理问题

问题描述

异常处理分散、HTTP状态码不正确、错误信息不统一

解决方案

// 自定义异常类
@Data
@EqualsAndHashCode(callSuper = true)
public class BusinessException extends RuntimeException {
    private final String code;
    private final String message;

    public BusinessException(String code, String message) {
        super(message);
        this.code = code;
        this.message = message;
    }
}

// 统一响应封装
@Data
@Builder
@NoArgsConstructor
@AllArgsConstructor
public class ApiResponse<T> {
    private String code;
    private String message;
    private T data;
    private Long timestamp;

    public static <T> ApiResponse<T> success(T data) {
        return ApiResponse.<T>builder()
            .code("200")
            .message("success")
            .data(data)
            .timestamp(System.currentTimeMillis())
            .build();
    }
}

// 全局异常处理器
@RestControllerAdvice
@Slf4j
public class GlobalExceptionHandler {

    // 处理业务异常
    @ExceptionHandler(BusinessException.class)
    @ResponseStatus(HttpStatus.BAD_REQUEST)
    public ApiResponse<Object> handleBusinessException(BusinessException e) {
        log.error("业务异常: {}", e.getMessage(), e);
        return ApiResponse.builder()
            .code(e.getCode())
            .message(e.getMessage())
            .timestamp(System.currentTimeMillis())
            .build();
    }

    // 处理参数校验异常
    @ExceptionHandler(MethodArgumentNotValidException.class)
    @ResponseStatus(HttpStatus.BAD_REQUEST)
    public ApiResponse<Object> handleValidationException(
            MethodArgumentNotValidException e) {
        List<String> errors = e.getBindingResult()
            .getFieldErrors()
            .stream()
            .map(error -> error.getField() + ": " + error.getDefaultMessage())
            .collect(Collectors.toList());

        return ApiResponse.builder()
            .code("400")
            .message("参数校验失败")
            .data(errors)
            .timestamp(System.currentTimeMillis())
            .build();
    }

    // 处理其他所有异常
    @ExceptionHandler(Exception.class)
    @ResponseStatus(HttpStatus.INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR)
    public ApiResponse<Object> handleGlobalException(Exception e) {
        log.error("系统异常: ", e);
        return ApiResponse.builder()
            .code("500")
            .message("系统内部错误")
            .timestamp(System.currentTimeMillis())
            .build();
    }
}

// 参数校验使用示例
@Data
public class UserDTO {
    @NotBlank(message = "用户名不能为空")
    @Size(min = 3, max = 20, message = "用户名长度必须在3-20之间")
    private String username;

    @Email(message = "邮箱格式不正确")
    private String email;

    @Pattern(regexp = "^1[3-9]\\d{9}$", message = "手机号格式不正确")
    private String phone;
}

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/users")
@Validated  // 类级别开启校验
public class UserController {

    @PostMapping
    public ApiResponse<User> createUser(@RequestBody @Valid UserDTO userDTO) {
        // 参数会自动校验
        return ApiResponse.success(userService.create(userDTO));
    }

    @GetMapping("/{id}")
    public ApiResponse<User> getUser(@PathVariable @Min(1) Long id) {
        // 路径参数校验
        return ApiResponse.success(userService.getById(id));
    }
}

7. 跨域问题

问题描述

前端访问API时出现CORS错误

解决方案

// 配置类方式
@Configuration
public class CorsConfig implements WebMvcConfigurer {

    @Override
    public void addCorsMappings(CorsRegistry registry) {
        registry.addMapping("/api/**")
            .allowedOrigins("http://localhost:3000", "https://example.com")
            .allowedMethods("GET", "POST", "PUT", "DELETE", "OPTIONS")
            .allowedHeaders("*")
            .allowCredentials(true)
            .maxAge(3600);
    }
}

// 过滤器方式（更灵活）
@Component
@Order(Ordered.HIGHEST_PRECEDENCE)
public class SimpleCorsFilter implements Filter {

    @Override
    public void doFilter(ServletRequest req, ServletResponse res, FilterChain chain)
            throws IOException, ServletException {
        HttpServletResponse response = (HttpServletResponse) res;
        HttpServletRequest request = (HttpServletRequest) req;

        String origin = request.getHeader("Origin");
        if (origin != null) {
            response.setHeader("Access-Control-Allow-Origin", origin);
            response.setHeader("Access-Control-Allow-Credentials", "true");
            response.setHeader("Access-Control-Allow-Methods", 
                "POST, GET, OPTIONS, DELETE, PUT, PATCH");
            response.setHeader("Access-Control-Max-Age", "3600");
            response.setHeader("Access-Control-Allow-Headers",
                "Origin, X-Requested-With, Content-Type, Accept, " +
                "Authorization, X-CSRF-Token");
        }

        if ("OPTIONS".equalsIgnoreCase(request.getMethod())) {
            response.setStatus(HttpServletResponse.SC_OK);
        } else {
            chain.doFilter(req, res);
        }
    }
}

8. 文件上传问题

问题描述

文件大小限制、文件类型限制、文件名重复

解决方案

# application.yml
spring:
  servlet:
    multipart:
      max-file-size: 10MB
      max-request-size: 100MB
      enabled: true
      file-size-threshold: 2MB

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/files")
@Slf4j
public class FileUploadController {

    @Value("${file.upload-dir:./uploads}")
    private String uploadDir;

    @PostMapping("/upload")
    public ApiResponse<String> uploadFile(@RequestParam("file") MultipartFile file) {
        try {
            // 1. 校验文件类型
            String contentType = file.getContentType();
            if (!isAllowedFileType(contentType)) {
                throw new BusinessException("FILE_TYPE_ERROR", "不支持的文件类型");
            }

            // 2. 校验文件大小
            if (file.getSize() > 10 * 1024 * 1024) { // 10MB
                throw new BusinessException("FILE_SIZE_ERROR", "文件大小不能超过10MB");
            }

            // 3. 生成唯一文件名
            String originalFilename = file.getOriginalFilename();
            String fileExtension = getFileExtension(originalFilename);
            String newFilename = UUID.randomUUID().toString() + fileExtension;

            // 4. 保存文件
            Path uploadPath = Paths.get(uploadDir);
            if (!Files.exists(uploadPath)) {
                Files.createDirectories(uploadPath);
            }

            Path filePath = uploadPath.resolve(newFilename);
            Files.copy(file.getInputStream(), filePath, 
                StandardCopyOption.REPLACE_EXISTING);

            // 5. 返回文件信息
            return ApiResponse.success(newFilename);

        } catch (IOException e) {
            log.error("文件上传失败", e);
            throw new BusinessException("UPLOAD_ERROR", "文件上传失败");
        }
    }

    private boolean isAllowedFileType(String contentType) {
        Set<String> allowedTypes = Set.of(
            "image/jpeg", "image/png", "image/gif",
            "application/pdf", "text/plain"
        );
        return allowedTypes.contains(contentType);
    }

    private String getFileExtension(String filename) {
        if (filename == null || filename.lastIndexOf(".") == -1) {
            return "";
        }
        return filename.substring(filename.lastIndexOf("."));
    }
}

// 文件下载示例
@GetMapping("/download/{filename:.+}")
public ResponseEntity<Resource> downloadFile(@PathVariable String filename) {
    try {
        Path filePath = Paths.get(uploadDir).resolve(filename).normalize();
        Resource resource = new UrlResource(filePath.toUri());

        if (resource.exists() && resource.isReadable()) {
            String contentType = Files.probeContentType(filePath);
            if (contentType == null) {
                contentType = "application/octet-stream";
            }

            return ResponseEntity.ok()
                .contentType(MediaType.parseMediaType(contentType))
                .header(HttpHeaders.CONTENT_DISPOSITION, 
                    "attachment; filename=\"" + filename + "\"")
                .body(resource);
        } else {
            throw new FileNotFoundException("文件不存在: " + filename);
        }
    } catch (IOException e) {
        throw new BusinessException("DOWNLOAD_ERROR", "文件下载失败");
    }
}

9. 接口幂等性问题

问题描述

重复提交导致数据不一致

解决方案

// 幂等性注解
@Target(ElementType.METHOD)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
public @interface Idempotent {
    String key() default "";  // 幂等键
    long expire() default 3600;  // 过期时间(秒)
}

// 幂等性切面
@Aspect
@Component
@Slf4j
public class IdempotentAspect {

    @Autowired
    private RedisTemplate<String, String> redisTemplate;

    @Around("@annotation(idempotent)")
    public Object around(ProceedingJoinPoint joinPoint, Idempotent idempotent) 
            throws Throwable {

        // 1. 生成幂等键
        String idempotentKey = generateIdempotentKey(joinPoint, idempotent);

        // 2. 检查是否已处理
        Boolean isProcessed = redisTemplate.opsForValue()
            .setIfAbsent(idempotentKey, "1", idempotent.expire(), TimeUnit.SECONDS);

        if (isProcessed != null && isProcessed) {
            // 第一次请求，执行业务逻辑
            try {
                return joinPoint.proceed();
            } catch (Exception e) {
                // 业务执行失败，删除幂等键
                redisTemplate.delete(idempotentKey);
                throw e;
            }
        } else {
            // 重复请求，返回之前的处理结果
            log.warn("重复请求，幂等键: {}", idempotentKey);
            throw new BusinessException("REPEAT_REQUEST", "请不要重复提交");
        }
    }

    private String generateIdempotentKey(ProceedingJoinPoint joinPoint, 
                                         Idempotent idempotent) {
        // 组合生成唯一键：用户ID + 方法名 + 参数
        String userId = getCurrentUserId();  // 获取当前用户ID
        String methodName = joinPoint.getSignature().toShortString();
        String argsHash = DigestUtils.md5DigestAsHex(
            Arrays.toString(joinPoint.getArgs()).getBytes());

        return String.format("idempotent:%s:%s:%s", 
            userId, methodName, argsHash);
    }

    private String getCurrentUserId() {
        // 从SecurityContext获取用户ID
        Authentication authentication = SecurityContextHolder.getContext()
            .getAuthentication();
        if (authentication != null && authentication.isAuthenticated()) {
            return authentication.getName();
        }
        return "anonymous";
    }
}

// 使用示例
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/orders")
public class OrderController {

    @PostMapping
    @Idempotent(expire = 300)  // 5分钟内防重复提交
    public ApiResponse<Order> createOrder(@RequestBody OrderDTO orderDTO) {
        // 业务逻辑
        return ApiResponse.success(orderService.create(orderDTO));
    }
}

10. 性能监控与优化

问题描述

应用性能瓶颈难以定位，内存泄漏

解决方案

// 1. 性能监控切面
@Aspect
@Component
@Slf4j
public class PerformanceAspect {

    @Around("@within(org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController)")
    public Object monitorPerformance(ProceedingJoinPoint joinPoint) throws Throwable {
        long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
        String className = joinPoint.getTarget().getClass().getSimpleName();
        String methodName = joinPoint.getSignature().getName();

        try {
            Object result = joinPoint.proceed();
            long endTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
            long duration = endTime - startTime;

            // 记录慢查询
            if (duration > 1000) {  // 超过1秒
                log.warn("慢接口: {}.{} 耗时 {}ms", 
                    className, methodName, duration);

                // 发送告警或记录到数据库
                recordSlowQuery(className, methodName, duration, joinPoint.getArgs());
            }

            return result;
        } catch (Throwable e) {
            long endTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
            log.error("接口异常: {}.{} 耗时 {}ms, 异常: {}", 
                className, methodName, endTime - startTime, e.getMessage());
            throw e;
        }
    }

    private void recordSlowQuery(String className, String methodName, 
                                long duration, Object[] args) {
        // 实现慢查询记录逻辑
    }
}

// 2. 数据库性能监控
@Component
@Slf4j
public class SqlMonitorInterceptor {

    @Autowired
    private JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate;

    @PostConstruct
    public void init() {
        // 设置慢SQL阈值
        jdbcTemplate.setQueryTimeout(30);  // 30秒超时

        // 监控SQL执行
        jdbcTemplate.execute("SET GLOBAL slow_query_log = 'ON'");
        jdbcTemplate.execute("SET GLOBAL long_query_time = 2");  // 2秒
    }

    public void logSlowQuery(String sql, long duration) {
        if (duration > 2000) {  // 2秒
            log.warn("慢SQL查询: {} 耗时 {}ms", sql, duration);
        }
    }
}

// 3. 内存使用监控
@Component
@Slf4j
public class MemoryMonitor {

    @Scheduled(fixedRate = 60000)  // 每分钟检查一次
    public void checkMemoryUsage() {
        Runtime runtime = Runtime.getRuntime();
        long maxMemory = runtime.maxMemory();
        long totalMemory = runtime.totalMemory();
        long freeMemory = runtime.freeMemory();
        long usedMemory = totalMemory - freeMemory;

        double usagePercentage = (double) usedMemory / maxMemory * 100;

        if (usagePercentage > 80) {
            log.error("内存使用率过高: {}%, 已使用: {}MB, 最大: {}MB",
                String.format("%.2f", usagePercentage),
                usedMemory / (1024 * 1024),
                maxMemory / (1024 * 1024));

            // 触发GC
            System.gc();
        }

        log.debug("内存使用情况: 使用率={}%, 已使用={}MB, 空闲={}MB, 最大={}MB",
            String.format("%.2f", usagePercentage),
            usedMemory / (1024 * 1024),
            freeMemory / (1024 * 1024),
            maxMemory / (1024 * 1024));
    }
}

// 4. 健康检查端点
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/health")
public class HealthCheckController {

    @Autowired
    private DataSource dataSource;

    @Autowired
    private RedisTemplate<String, String> redisTemplate;

    @GetMapping("/detailed")
    public Map<String, Object> detailedHealth() {
        Map<String, Object> health = new HashMap<>();

        // 数据库健康检查
        try {
            dataSource.getConnection().close();
            health.put("database", "UP");
        } catch (SQLException e) {
            health.put("database", "DOWN");
            health.put("database_error", e.getMessage());
        }

        // Redis健康检查
        try {
            redisTemplate.opsForValue().get("health_check");
            health.put("redis", "UP");
        } catch (Exception e) {
            health.put("redis", "DOWN");
            health.put("redis_error", e.getMessage());
        }

        // 系统信息
        health.put("timestamp", System.currentTimeMillis());
        health.put("uptime", ManagementFactory.getRuntimeMXBean().getUptime());
        health.put("active_threads", Thread.activeCount());

        return health;
    }
}

总结

SpringBoot开发中遇到的问题多种多样，但通过合理的配置、良好的编码习惯和适当的监控手段，大多数问题都可以得到有效解决。本文涵盖了从配置管理到性能优化的十个关键问题领域，并提供了实用的代码示例。实际开发中，还需要结合具体业务场景不断积累经验，形成适合自己项目的解决方案。

最佳实践建议：

1. 保持配置外部化，便于不同环境部署
2. 合理设计事务边界，避免长事务
3. 使用缓存时要考虑一致性问题
4. 统一异常处理和日志记录
5. 重要接口实现幂等性
6. 定期监控系统性能指标
7. 编写完善的单元测试和集成测试

通过持续学习和实践，掌握这些问题的解决方案，将能大大提升SpringBoot应用的稳定性和可维护性。